The Industrial Revolution was the major shift of technological socioeconomic and cultural conditions in the late 18th and early 19th century that began in great and spread throughout the world. During that time, an economy based on was replaced by one dominated by industry and the manufacture of machinery. It began with the mechanization of the textile industries and the development of iron-making techniques, and trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and then railways. The introduction of steam (fuelled primarily by coal) and powered machinery mainly in textile manufacturing underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity. The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.
The causes of the Industrial Revolution were complex, with some historians seeing the Revolution as an outgrowth of social and......
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