1 Introduction
1.1 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
"There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom"
by the physician and Nobel prize winner Richard Feynman, 29.12.1959 1
Nanoscience and nanotechnology if a field of science and technology deal with syn-
thesis, study of properties and assembly and fabrication of structures and matter at the nano-
meter scale or sizes of about 1×10-9 to about 100×10-9 m. The relation from a nm to a meter is
like the diameter of a hazelnut to the diameter of the earth. The new effect of nanometer size
results in new properties2 and unique properties that are neither of bulk nor of
atomic/molecular. Some of these unique properties include:
New quantum mechanical and quantum size effects
Higher surface area that is useful for catalysis
Molecular recognition
Increased magnetic susceptibility
Size and shape dependent optical absorption
"Bottom-up" synthetic methods involving self-assembly of atomic......
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