Napoleon I (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, later Napoléon Bonaparte ; 15 August 17695 May 1821) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic, and Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français). He was also King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine.
Born in Corsica and trained in mainland France as an artillery officer, he first rose to prominence as a general of the French Revolution, leading several successful campaigns against the First Coalition and the Second Coalition of neighboring powers opposed to the Revolution. In late 1799, Napoleon staged a coup d'état to install himself as First Consul of France; five years later he crowned himself Emperor. Meanwhile, during the first decade of the nineteenth century the armies of France under his command fought almost every major European power, and gained control of most of continental Europe either......
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