What is meant by externalities? How have oil companies in Trinidad and Tobago employed solutions to externalities as part of their corporate social responsibilities (CSR)?
Externalities exist when a third party bears costs or receives benefits arising from an economic transaction in which he or she is not a direct participant. This occurs when producers or consumers provide benefits to third parties or impose costs on third parties for which the market system does not enable them to receive full payment in return.
A harmful externality occurs, for example, when a factory generates pollution. Individuals who live and work in the neighbourhood bear costs arising from the factory’s production, including adverse health effects and clean-up costs.
A beneficial externality occurs, for example when Mr Francois paints his house and enhances his neighbours’ views and the values of their properties.
Externalities arise with any interdependency of household utility or firm......
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