The bundle theory states that any thing is simply a complex of properties which all stand in a contingent relation, called co-instantiation, to one another. Basically an object is nothing more than a collection of its properties. The bundle theory is an alternative to other theories of particulars such as the substratum theory and the substance theory of particulars. James Van Cleve proposes a few objections that he considers to be severely damaging to the bundle theory. In Casullo’s “Fourth Version of the Bundle Theory,” he attempts to get around the objections that Van Cleve poses to the bundle theory.
Van Cleve has a few main objections to the bundle theory, the three most important being the problem of change, the problem of contingency, and the fact that the bundle theory relies on the identity of indiscernibles. The problem of change states that since an object is just a set of properties, if one property changes, so too does the object. The problem of identity......
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