INTRODUCTION
Maleic acid and Fumaric acid are both compounds belonging to the carboxylic acids class. In this experiment, we formed the two isomers of 1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid and tested the solubility and melting points of both of these products. Both of these compounds involve a carbon-carbon double bond that is composed of one σ bond and one π bond. The overlap of sp2 hybrid orbitals forms the σ bond, and one empty p orbital forms the π bond. This process is illustrated in the figure below:
Sp2 hybrid orbitals: Unhybridized p orbital:
(3 σ bonds) (1 π bond)
_1 _1 _1 _1
Molecules with double bonds are alkenes, and they have restricted rotation around the double bond so they tend to form the cis and trans geometric isomers. While both of these isomers have the same molecular formula, they usually vary in many physical features. Cis isomers have two identical groups located on the same side of the double bond, while trans isomers have the two groups on......
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