Archimedes (287-212 BC), preeminent Greek
mathematician and inventor, who wrote important works
on plane and solid geometry, arithmetic, and mechanics.
Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily, and educated in
Alexandria, Egypt. In pure mathematics he anticipated
many of the discoveries of modern science, such as the
integral calculus, through his studies of the areas and
volumes of curved solid figures and the areas of plane
figures. He also proved that the volume of a sphere is
two-thirds the volume of a cylinder that circumscribes the
sphere. In mechanics, Archimedes defined the principle of
the lever and is credited with inventing the compound
pulley. During his stay in Egypt he invented the hydraulic
screw for raising water from a lower to a higher level. He is
best known for discovering the law of hydrostatics, often
called Archimedes' principle, which states that a body
immersed in fluid loses weight equal to the weight of the
amount of fluid it displaces.......
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