The USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In the late 1960's the
U.S. military was desperately afraid of a nuclear attack from the Soviet Union. The
United States formed the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department
of Defense to establish a bombproof network to connect military bases. ARPANET's physical
network was established in 1969 to enable universities and research organizations to
exchange information freely. The first two nodes that formed the ARPANET were UCLA and
the Stanford Research Institute, shortly after the University of Utah was added to
ARPANET.
The Network Control Protocol (NCP) was initially used as the ARPANET protocol, beginning
in 1970. By 1971, a total of 23 hosts at 15 locations were connected to the ARPANET. The
following year, the first international connections occurred, linking the University
College of London (UK) and the Royal Radar Establishment (Norway) to the ARPANET.......
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