The need to understand the mechanics of exchange rates and their developments has generated a
vast theoretical and empirical literature. The flexible price monetary model, which subsequently
gave way to the overshooting or sticky-price model, the equilibrium and liquidity models as well as
the portfolio balance approach have characterised three decades of research, from the 1960s to the
1980s. More recently, since the publication of Obstfeld and Rogoff's (1995) seminal "redux" paper,
the new open-economy macroeconomics has attempted to explain exchange rate developments in
the context of dynamic general equilibrium models that incorporate imperfect competition and
nominal rigidities. Empirically, these theoretical developments have fared poorly at explaining
exchange rate dynamics, at least over relatively short horizons, and several exchange rate puzzles
have been highlighted.
The increasing role played by international financial markets in developed economies......
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