Two profound advances in our understanding of the universe date from the 1920s. One was the discovery that the universe is expanding, and that it is immensely larger than our Milky Way galaxy. The other was the revolutionary change from classical to quantum mechanics. The wider implications of these advances are still being explored to this day.
The Universe is expanding, seemingly at a uniform rate, the galaxies are moving back from each other and us. If we run the expansion backwards, we see that there must have been a point in time when all the matter of the Universe was together in an arbitrarily small volume; the occurrence that created our Universe is known to the world as the Big Bang. The Big Bang is the scientific theory that the universe emerged from an extremely dense and hot state about 13.7 billion years ago. At the point of the Big Bang, the universe was substantially dense and unbelievably hot. Just after the big bang, atoms and subatomic particles in a......
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