OPINIONS BELOW
The decision of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Boerum is unreported. The opinion of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourteenth Circuit is also unreported.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS AND STATUTES
The texts of the following constitutional provisions are reproduced in Appendix A: U.S. Const. amend. IV; U.S. Const. amend. V; and U.S. Const. amend. VI.
The texts of the following federal statutes are reproduced in Appendix B: 18 U.S.C. § 371 (2005); 18 U.S.C. § 844(i) (2005); 18 U.S.C. § 2339A (2005); and 18 U.S.C. § 3731 (2005).
STANDARDS OF REVIEW
Where a trial court makes a ruling as a matter of law, the standard of review is de novo. United States v. Gaviria, 116 F.3d 1498, 1531 (D.C. Cir. 1997). Alleged violations of the Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause are also reviewed de novo. Lilly v. Virginia, 527 U.S. 116, 136-37 (1999). Likewise, Fifth Amendment questions of self-incrimination are reviewed de......
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