The biological identity of the genus Pseudomonas has changed dramatically in recent years during the transition between artificial classification based on phenotypic properties (e.g. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology,1st ed., 1986) and revisionist classification based on genotypic (phylogenetic) properties (e.g. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., 2001). However, in either scheme, the genus comprises a relatively large and important group of Gram-negative bacteria. Members of the genus are found abundantly as free-living organisms in soils, fresh water and marine environments, and in many other natural habitats. They may also be found in associations with plants and animals as normal flora or as agents of disease. For the purposes of this article, the term "pseudomonad" refers to a bacterium with ecophysiological properties similar to members of the genus Pseudomonas. Some of these bacteria were formerly in the genus Pseudomonas but have been moved to other......
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